Haiku

Haiku is a form of traditional Japanese poetry. Haiku is a lyric that has bound 17 silaba / sukukata divided into three lines with each line consisting of 5, 7, and 5 sukukata.
A. History of Haiku
Related to the occurrence of the Haiku haikai. In mid Chusei (mid century) until the beginning Kinsei (modren period) haikai which originally was part of a renga or known as haikai no renga, and because they can stand alone and apart from haikai no renga and renga just start writing Haiku.
Based on history, in the mid-14 th century in the collection of poetry called renga Shu Tsukuba, Haiku is still a part of renga poetry. However, in the century to 15 in Shinsentsukubashu said that Haiku is different from the Haiku renga, so all that is in the collection of poems is issued. In the early 16-century, through the collection of Haiku and Yamazaki Sokan Aragita Moritake, there is a clearly visible that there is no humor in renga, so Haiku acknowledged as a work of literature in the field of the new poetry.
At first Haiku (haikai no renga before self) begins with a 17 syllable in the first stanza, which consists of three lines consisting of 5, 7, 5 syllable. Then 14 second dibait syllable that consists of two lines with 7, 7 syllable, and then 17 the next syllable according to the first line again, 14 the next syllable, so on. This repeated back-up to the poems meaning. Poetry is written that many people have this rule with the same renga. However, the development of the next time memudarnya poem renga, haikai the progress and the more popular, and delivered a range of flow, especially haikai made by Matsuo Basho (Edo 1600-1868), which is the embryo of Haiku.
In the year 1890an (20th century) in the Meiji era, by Masaoka Shiki. Haiku experience of taking the first stanza of haikai, and make poetry called Haiku, this may be spelled out is the exemption from the chain Haika. Haiku can stand on its own, on the whole is itself dependent on the chain without a longer rhythm. So Haiku consists only of the temple, three line, 17 syllable pattern with 5,7,5. after Chusei, Masaoka Shiki create more short poems called Haiku is still the same.
Other leaders in this reform Haiku is Kawahigashi Hekigoto who submit two proposition:
1. Haiku will be more honest to reality if there is no "center of interest" (the center of interest, focus attention) on
2. Bard on the importance of the impression things are taken from daily life and local colors.
In line with the time, Haiku developed not only in Japan is also outside the country of Japan. In Japanese language, rule-writing convention Haiku grip and should have been followed. In other languages, sometimes difficult to follow this pattern, and usually become more loose. Therefore, the pattern of Haiku become loose, even showing the form of a short course.
B. Write a Haiku
Haiku does not have a Rima / rhyme (rhyme). Haiku "painting" to imaji mind readers. The challenge in writing a Haiku is how to send telepathic messages / impressions / imaji to the reader in mind in ONLY 17 silaba, in three lines only.
In addition Haiku can describe your whatever, but usually contains things that are not too complicated to be understood by lay readers. Haiku Bebarapa strong precisely describe the daily life written in such a way so that they can give readers a perspective and experience of new / other out of the situation is normal. Haiku also require that the "kigo" or "word (a) season", for example, the word "snow" (winter), "flower bud" (spring), as a time / season when Haiku is written. Of course words bookmark this season does not always have to clear the line.
However, at this time Haiku in each tradition to follow the language rules-aturannya own nature according to the language in which Haiku is written. Please write a Haiku with the consideration of your own, whether to comply with the rules of the raw materials of the original Japanese Haiku, or more to the essence of the Haiku ruh or with some bend syariatnya. This is where the challenge difficulty, as well as pleasure to write Haiku.
Conclusion in the launch to make this type of poetry that we first need to know is how the layout basically. Haiku tribe has at least 17 words in 3 lines with the form of 5,7,5. In choosing a theme, make sure the theme is something that is common and in the community, who can give their perspective on how and experience in a particular situation is normal in the society itself.
As examples of Haiku in English below:
Pitapat
Leaves berderai
The leaves change color
Season gugurku
Haiku above titled paper pitapat Mirza, even in English but written in accordance with the rules and basic layout Haiku does not have Rima. However, in another paper Mirza Haiku can be found that has the same final sound (rhyme), as in the Indonesian language poetry in general, but with a 17 syllable patterns 5,7,5, as the example below:

Morning light
Go peep ago
Own again?

C. Figures-Figure Haiku and they work
Here we provide some author Haiku, Haiku writers because there are so many, we only present some of his work are quite popular:
 Matsuo Basho (1644-1694) author Haiku best all time, was born in a poor samurai family in the southern part of Japan. In a relatively young age he became a servant and friend of Sengin, son of a noble leader Iga Province. Twelve years later due to the death Sengin, he entered a monastery on Mount Koya, but not long, then it toward the capital of the kingdom of Kyoto, there he learned to Haiku Kigin and immediately after it opened its own school. Those students who are talented enough for someone to open the school Haikunya own.
Haru nare ya!
Namo naki yama no
USU-gasumi *
- Basho
Is spring really arrived?
On the mountain without a name, there is
Thin layer of fog
* "No name", not because the mountain is not named, but because the poet does not want to single out one of the many beautiful mountains in the area of Nara. Note how the contrast with the Basho start season on (semi) with the launch that day. Mountain haze is usually seen in Japan and will not be considered by the great man of the people, but the poet and the view held as intrinsic beauty and as a landmark associated with the spring.

 Taniguchi Buson (1716-1783) is renowned as a painter and poet.
Ame no hi ya!
Miyako ni tōki
Momo no yado *
- Buson
Today is the rain.
Away from the capital have
Rumah ku peach flowers
* While living in the capital (Kyoto), as rainy days, it feels very nostalgic to the rural home with peach trees flower around.
 Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827) a poor man who lived alone in the Edo period.
Yase-gaeru
Makeru na, Issa
Japan ni ari *
- Issa
O that spiny frog
Do not despair,
Because there issa (I)
* Poetry is told, a day to see a poet and a fat frog frogs are lean fighting. To encourage and above it write Haiku. Here, the Issa show the same lack of friends. He is a very gentle man.

 Mokudou (1665-1723) from a samurai clan Hikone, one of the students Basho
Haru Kaze ya!
Mugi Naka no yuku
Mizu no oto *
- Mokudo
Spring wind gentle!
The grain that berguguran
Sound of water
* The withdrawal spring wind that passes them, wave the wheat, such as young desiran make the flow of water in the distance and a certain green waves often resembles a bay or lake waves.
 Moritake (1473-1549) pastor Shinto Shrine in Ise, and one of the early writers Haiku
EDA ni Rakka
Kaeru to mireba
Kochou kana *
- Moritake
Flowers that berguguran
Come back to the limb
Look, a butterfly!
* Poetry is written with simple words, but reflect the beauty of spring.
 Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902) a talented author, both in prose and poetry. Tuberclosis died because of the age of 35 years. Although he was the city, he was really like and admire the beauty of nature, and going to the countryside and the mountains as often as possible. He is also known as a prominent reformer Haiku.
Machi Naka wo
Ogawa nagaruru
Yanagi kana *
- Shiki
Although the city
A river flows, is limited
By weeping willow trees
* Haiku reflect this atmosphere rural Japan, which mostly have a small river (canal), although in the middle of the road. Here the women together to wash the rice and cloth while they bergossip; children laughing, crying, and play and parents to sit under the shade of willow trees quiet (morose) for meditation, greet their friends, or shoot the light.
 Chiyojo (1703-1775) is generally considered as the best women writers who have Haiku Japanese owned, and possibly puisinya the most cited.
Tombo-tsuri
Kyo wa doko made
Itta Yara *
- Chiyojo
Dragonfly trap
How far you go today
In pengembaraanmu?
* Poetry is created after the death of the son of the small, wayangnya only child, which is like hunting dragonfly. Although not describe exactly, the mother's grief expressed with beautiful and poignant. Third line in the English language translation is not from the original Haiku in Japanese, but this is still a strong showing it is.

D. Conclusion
Initially, Haiku is a haikai that are part of a renga (haikai no renga), which consists of the temple of the first 17 syllable stanza after the 14 second syllable and the pattern is repeated to re-bait next to a poem that means, but on further development of the Haiku stand on its own 17 with just one syllable in the temple.
Make a start in this type of poetry that we need to know is:
1. The order basically. Haiku tribe has at least 17 words in 3 lines with the form of 5,7,5.
2. Haiku does not have a Rima / rhyme (rhyme)
3. In choosing a theme, a theme Haiku is common and in the community, that can give readers a perspective on the situation and experience that are common in the community itself.
4. Haiku in Japanese order of the basic rules to follow, but if we want to write a Haiku in English (other languages) then the rules can be dilonggarkan, can even diakulturasikan with the local literary culture.



Kyoka
Unlike the waka poems which contain the rules remain the fundamental, kyoka deviate slightly and are free to express something with a little can be said or inappropriate because all things are described independently using the language and also free. However, this is precisely the characteristic feature that is owned by kyoka. Although things such as these seen in the little collection of poems Manyoshu and Kokinshu, is very much sought by the people in Japan around mid-Muromachi and Sengoku period, who at the time that people are experiencing moral decline. After entering the era of pramodern, owing to the merchants of Osaka Yuensaiteiryu, kyoka tune by a great community in general, the more Tenmei era (1781-1789) who brought kyoka culminate kejayaannya, so also called the term Tenmei Kyoka. The famous poet in the kyoka is Toikisshu, Shihosekira, and Shugakukanko. Tenmei Kyoka with the novel gesaku popular at that time; its lightweight, free, and contains a lot of humor (humor). In addition to imitating the ancient poems, kyoka also reveal all kinds of aspects in puisinya.
After entering the modern era, because of declining popularity kyoka not monumental views of kesustraan.